Math Dictionary
( A - C ) ( D - F ) ( G - K ) ( L - P ) ( Q - T ) ( U- Z )

A

abacus- a frame with rows of counters or beads used for adding and other task in arithmetic.
abscissa- the distance of a point in a plane of two axes from the vertical axis(y-axis),measuring on a line parallel
to the horizontal axis(X-axis).The abscissa and the coordinate together are coordinate of a point.
absolutes- a fixed and immutable qualities,concepts or staandard ;exact measurement of any kind.
absolute value- the position value for a real number,disregarding the sign.written X.
absolute zero- the temperature at which substances would have no heat whatever.
abstract numbers- a number which does not relate to particular object or things 4 or 6 distinguished from
4 apples or 6 dogs.
absolute majority - more than half the total numbers voting or qualified to vote
absolute ohm - a measure of the resistance of a conductor based on electromagnetic units of the centimetergram-
second system,equal to 109 abohms.
absolute scale - a scale in which temperature are measured from absoute zero suc as the Kelvin scale
or the Rankin scale.
absolute system - a sysytem of absolute units.
absolute unit - a unit defined directly interms of the fundamental unit of mass,length, and time as opposed to
relative measurement.
absolute value - the value of a real numbers regardless of any accompanying sign;the absolute value of +
3, or of -3 is 3
abstract number - any number used by itself.
abundant - more than enough.
abundant number - a whole number whose divisor have a sum greater than twice this number.The number
18 is an abundant number because the sum of its divisors(18, 9, 6, 3, 2, 1) is greater than 2 x 18.
abysmal - too deep or too great to be measured
academic years - the official annual period of session of a college or university.
acceleration - the rate of change of velocity with respect of time.
achievement qoutient - the ratio of a student achievement age to his actual age to his actual age, usually multiplied by 100
acute angle - an angle whose measure is greater than 0 degrees and less than 90 degrees.
acquirement - the act of acquiring; gaining or getting as ones 's own.
acquiittance - the payment of a debt;settlement of a claim.
add - to find the sum of.
added value tax - a sales tax based on the value added to a goods at each transaction during production and down to the retailer
addend - a number or quantity to be added to another numer or quantity.
add on - an added sum, quantity or item.
addition - the adding of one quantity to another.
adding machine - the number zero is called the additive identity because when you add it to a numbeer,N, the result
you get is the same number.
additive inverse - either of two numbers whose sum is zero.The addition inverse of + 5 is - 5 and vice versa
add on - an added sum ; quantity on item .
adequate - as much as in needed; sufficient; enough.
adjancency - the state of being adjacent.
adjacent angles - two angles that have the same vertex and one side in common.
algebra - the branch of mathematics that uses both letters and numbers to show relations between quantities.
algerbraic equation - an equation of the form f (x) = 0 where f is an polynomial.
algerbraic number - anumber that is the root of an algerbraic polynomials.
algerbraic fraction - it is number divided by a letter or a letter divided by a number or another letter.
algorithm - as it used in mathematics means sysytematic procedure to solve a problem.The word derived from the
name of the Persian mathematician,Alkhowarazmi.
alphametics - a cryptarithm in which the letters,which represent distinct digits,form related words or meaningful phrases.
alternate angle - two angles both exterior but not adjacent, formed when tow lines are crossed by a third , on opposites
sides of a third.If the two lines are parallel the alternate angles are equal.
alternate exterior angles - two non adjacent exterior angles that lie on opposites sides of a transversal like ABC
and FHG
alternate interior angles -two non adjacent interior angles that lie on opposites sides of a transversal like angle ABF
and angle GNB
altitude - the height above sea level.
altitude of a triangle - a line segment drawn from a vertex to the opposites side.
amicable numbers - two numbers are said to be amicable if each is equal to the sum of the proper divisors of the
other.
amplitude - the quantity of being ample in size, largeness width,breadth.
angle - the space between two lines or surfaces that meet; the intersection of two lines.
KINDS OF ANGLES:
acute angle - is an angle with measure greater than zero but less than 90 degrees
right angle - is an angle with a measure of exactly 90 degrees
obtuse angle - an angle with a measure greater than 90 degrees but less than 180 degrees
straight angle - is an angle with a measure of exactly 180 degrees.
reflex angle - is an angle with a measure greater than 180 degrees but less than 360 degrees
complementary angle - are two angles with a measure whose sum is 90 degrees.
supplementary angle - are two angles with a measure whose sum is 180 degrees.
vertical angle - are two angles whose sides form two pairs of opposite rays like
angle bisector - a ray or line segment that lies in the interior of an angles and divides that angle
into two concurrent angle.
angle of depression - the angle between the horizontal line of sight and object above the line of sight.
angle of inclination - is the angle measured counter clockwise from the positive side or positive direction of the x - axis to the line.
anuity - a sum of money paid every year or installment at certain regular times.
antilogarithm - the number corresponding to a given logarithm ;since the logarithm of 100 is 2, the antologarithm of 2 is 100
antimerger - that opposes , restrict or prohibits a merger or mergers, especially of business or industrial enterprises.
angle of rotation - the angle through which a transformation is rotated about the point.
annulus - the region enclosed by two concentric circles.
antiderivative - any function the derivative of which is a given function.
apothem - a segment from the center of a regular polygon perpendicular to a side of the polygon ; of a regular
polygon is the radius of its inscribed circle.
arc - part of a curve line or a circle .
arc lengths - integral (sqrt ( 1 + dy/dx)2))dx.
arcos - if x = cos y, then y = arcos x, the inverse of the cosine function.
arccsc - if x = cos y, then y = arccsc x, the inverse of the cosecant function.
arccot - if x cot y, then y= arccot x ,the inverse of the cotangenrt function.
area - the general term for the measurement of the amount of surfaces space, that is occupied or covered
by a two dimensional figure;the number of units of width multiplied by the number of units of length.
arctan - if x = tan y, then y = arctan x. the inverseof the tangent function .
arithmetic- the art or practice of compting or calculating by means of numbers.
arithmetical - having to do with arithmetic.
arithmetic series - the sum of an arithmetic sequence.
associative property of addition - ( a + b) + c = a + ( b+c)
associative property of multiplication - (a*b) * c = a* (b*c)
astroid - is the path of a point on a circle rolling inside another circle with a radius four times as large.
asymptote - a straight line that is a closer approximation to a curve as the curve is drawn.
automorphism - an isomorphism from a set onto itself.
average - the quanitity found by dividing the sum of all the quantities by the number of quantities.
avoirdupois weight - a sysstem of weights based on a pound of 16 ounces;
axiom - a statement that is assumed to be true without proof.
axis of symmetry - a line that passes through a figure in such a way that the part of the figure on one side of the line is
a mirror reflection or image of the part of the figure on the other side of the line.
azimuth - an angle constructed in surveying between a north - south line through the observer and a line from the
observer to any point or projected on.

B
babcock test - a test for measuring the amount of butterfat in milk
bad debt - a debt believed or provd to be uncollectable.
balance - the difference between the debit and credit sides of an account.
balance of trade - the difference between the value of all the imports and that of all the exports of a country.
balboa - the unit of money of Panama, a silver coin worth about one US dollars.A balboa is equal to 100 centisimos.
band - a number of person or animals joined or acting together.
bank - a place of business for keeping, lending, exchanging and issuing money.
bankable - that can be converted into cash at or by a bank.
bank account - the money in a bank that can be withdrawn by a depositor.
bank bill - a check drawn by one bank on another;bank draft.
bank book - a book that records a persons account at a bank;passbook.
bank check - an order issued on or by a bank.
bank rate - the dicount rate fixed by a bank or banks for a specified types or notes or other commercial paper.
bankrupt - unable to pay one's debt , especially when declared legally unable to do so .
bank statement - a tabular statement of ones deposit or withdrawal sent to a person periodically by the bank.
bantam weight - a boxer who weighs between 113 to 118 pounds
bar graph - a graphic technique for comparing numbers by rectangles whose lengths are proportional to the numbers
they represent .
barter - to exchange one kind of goods or services to another.
base - in the expression x.
base angles - in an isoscelec triangle, the angles opposites the congruent pair of sides.
basic fraction - are fraction whose denominators are 10, 100. 10000 - (powers of ten)
bayes's rule - a rule for finding conditional probability .
begginning inventory - the goods available for sale from the start of a business.
bell shaped - shaped like a bell or like a cup flaring more or less at the a rim.
bell shaped curve - a curb representing a symmetrical frequency distribution;normal curve.
beneficiary - person who receives money or property from an insurance policy;a will or the like.
benefit - money paid to a sick or disabled person.
betweeness - of points on a line, for collinear points A,B,C, "B" is between "A" and "C" if and only if AB+BC =C.
biconditional - when a conditional statement and its converse are both true they are written as one statment using the words
"if and only if"
bijection - a one- to- one onto function.
billion - seems to have been a French creation, and was originally bimillion, and still has this meaning in many countries today.
binary number - a number written to base 2 .
binary operation - a binary operation is an operation is an operation that involves two operands.
binomial - a polynomials of two terms, like (a+b)(5-x) , 2+3, etc.
binomial coefficient - the coefficient of x in the expansion of (c+1)n.
biquadratic equation - a polynomial equation of the 4th degree.
bisect - to separate into two congruent parts.
bisector (angle) - a ray in the interior of an angle that divides the angle into two congruent angles.
bisectore (perpindicular) - is a line, segment, ray or plane that is perpindicular to the segment and bisects it.
bisector ( segment) - point segment, line or plane that divide the segment into two congruent segment.
bit - a binary digit.
black market - the selling of goods or currency at unlawful prices, and unlawful quantity.
blank check - a signed check that allows the beare to write in the amount.
blank booking - the renting or selling of motion pictures or magazines in grups without permitting the exhibitors
or retailer.
braces - a symbol of grouping.{ }
bracket - a symbol of grouping.[ ]
bribe - money or other reward given or offered to get someone to do something he thinks is wrong.
byte - the amount of memory needed to represent one character on a compter,typically 8 bits.

C
calendar - table showing the months, days and weeks of the year.
calendar clock - a large clock having dials or other appliances for indicating the days of the week,month or
year with sometimes the phases of the moon, as well as the hours and minute.
calendar day - the 24 hours from one midnight to the next midnight.
calendar month - one of the 12 parts into which a ear is divided.
calendar year - a period of 365 days that begins on January 1 and ends on December 31.
calculating machine - a mechanical or electrical devices fro performing certain calculations,especially
mathematical computations.
calculation - the act of adding, substracting, mutiplying or dividing to find a result.
calculative - having to do calculation.
calculator calculating machine or computer.
calculus of variation - a branch of mathematics that studies the maximum and minimum values of function that depend
values of functions that depend on a curve or other geometric figurerather than on a number
or number.
cancellation - to reduce a fraction by dividing both the numerator and the denominator by the same quantity.
cancelled check - a check which has been paid and was cancelled.
capacity - a largest amont that can be held by the container.
capital - the amount of money or property that a company or a person uses in carrying on a business.
capital account - an account of an owner's or shareholder's investment in a business.
capital assest - any asset held or intended for holding by a business, individual ,foundation or government over a
considerable period of time
capital expenditure - an expensed incurred by adding to or improving a capital assest.
capital gain - a profit derived from the sale of something viewed as part of one's capital , such as from a share
of stock sold for more than it's original cost.
capital goods - goods such as machinery or equipment ,that caan be used in the production of other goods .
capital grant - a grant of money usually by government or foundation for the acquisition or improvement of capital
assets.
capital intensive - requirement great expenditures of capital to increase productivity or earnings.
capital investment - the total of cash and asset invested in a business enterprises.
capital levy - a direct tax on property.
capital loss - a loss deriving from the sale of a capital asset.
capital surplus - the excess of asset over capital and liabilities arising from other than regular operations.
capitalist - a person whose money and property are used in carrying on business; a wealthy person.
capitalism - the concerntration of wealth with its power and influence in the hands of few.
cardinal numbers - are number that express amounts, as opposed to ordinal numbers, which express order or rank.
cardioid - the path of a point on a circle as it rolls around another circle of the same size .Is sort of the heart shaped and thus the term
is from the Greek root for heart, cardia.
cartesian coordinates - a system whereby points on a plane are identified by an ordered ;Pair of numbers,representing the distances
to two or three.
cash - money in the form of coins and bills.
cash account - a specific amount of credit given by a bank.
cash carrier - an automatic device for conveying money receive at the counters of a store to the cashier and returning the change
cash discount - a privilege of a purchaser to substract a pecentage from his bill if payment is made within a preestablished period
of a time.
cash dividend - a dividend paid in money to a stock holder, rather than in stock or other form.
cash flow - a business firm net income plus depreciation, amortizarion, and other cost not involving actual payment of money.
cashier check - a check drawn by a banks on its own funds and sign by its cashier.
cashless - without cash.
cash machine - automatic teller.
cash register - a machine which record and shows the amount of a sale.
cash value - cash surrender value.
causes - actions that produce effects.
cavalieri's principle - two solids have the same volume if they have the same height and the same sectional area,
at every level.
celsius - of on or the celsius scale; centigrade.
celsius grade - the official name of the scale used in in centigrade thermometer in which the freezing point of water is 0
degrees and the boiling point 100 degrees.
census - an official count of the people of a country.
centenial - a celebration of 100th anniversary.
center - a point within a circle or sphere equally distant from all points of a circumstances or surfaces.
center of curvature - the center of a circle of curvature.
center of gravity - that point of a body which its weight is evenly balance.
center of mass - that point in a body which moves as through it bore the entire mass of the body, usually identical with
the center of gravity.
center of oscillation - a point in pendulum such that if the whole mass of the pendulum where concentrated there, the time of
oscillation would remain unchange.
centigrade - temperature scale used in all scientific works and in common use in many countries is the centigrade scale
in which the fixed points are taken as 0 degrees C and 100 degrees C.
centigrade thermometer - a theremometer having 0 degrees for the temperature at which water freezes, and 100 degrees
for the temperature at which water boils.
centigram - a unit of weight in a metric system ,equal to 1/100 of a gram.
centiliter - a unit of liquid or dry measure in the metric system equal to 1/100 of a liter.
centimeter - a measure of lenght in a metric system equal to 1/100 of a meter.
centimeter-gram-second - having to do with a system of measurement used in scientific calculations in which the centimeter
is the unit lenght, the gram is the unit of mass, and the second is the unit of time.
centimillionaire - a millionaire with hundred million or more dollars,pounds, or others denomination.
central angle of circle - an angle whose vertex is at the center of the circle.
centrifugal - the moving away from the center.
centroid of a triangle - the point of intersection of the medians of a triangle;it is two thirds of the distance from each vertex to the
midpoint of the opposite side.
centroid - is a the center of a mass; the point of intersection of the medians of a triangle.
century - each 100 years, counting from some special time such as the birth of Christ.
cent sign - the sign placed after a number to mean cent or cents.
centuple - 100 times as much or as many; increased a hundred fold.
centurial - having to do with 100 years.
cevian - a line segment extending from a vertex of a triangle to the opposite side.
chain measure - a system of measurement used by the surveyors.
chain rule - dy/dx = dy/du*
du/dx
change - money returned to a person when he had given an amount larger than the price of what he buys.
charge - to ask a price;to demand payment.
chattel - a piece of property that is not real state; any movable possesion.
chattel interest - an interest in leasehold property.
chattel mortage - a mortage in personal property, such as automobile or furniture.
chattel real - an interest or lease in land not amounting to a freehold.
check book - a book of blank check on a bank usually with a record stubs or a check register.
check book journalism - the payment of large sums of money to public figures for exclusive interviews.
checks and balances - limitations set on the powers of any branch of government, each branch possesing some power
that offset the power of the other two branches.
chi square - the statistical test and the name for it are both credited to Karl Pearson around the year 1900.
chord - a segment with both endpoints on the circle.
circle - a line every point of which is equally distant from point within called the center.
circle graph - a graph wherein a circle represents 100% of a total, and the sectors of the circle represent the part of
the total.
circular inch - a unit of square measure used to measure electric wire equal to 0785 sq . inch.
circular measure - a system of measure used for angles or their corresponding arcs in a circle;
circular cone - a cone whose base is a circle.
circular function - same as trigometric functions.
circumference - the length of the boundary; the distance around a circle;the limit of the perimeter of the perimeter of the
circle's inscribed regular polygons.
cissoid - a crve with equation y2 (a-x) =x3
closed interval - an interval that contains its endpoints.
coeffecient - a number or symbol put with and multiplying another cofactor.In 3x, 3 is the coefficient of 3; in AXY,
a is the coeffecient of XY.
cofunction - the cofunction of a trigometric funciton, f(x) is equal to f(pi/2-x)of the sine is the cosine.The cofunction
of thesecant is the cosecant.The cofunction of the tangent is the contangent.
collinear - points that lie on the same line.
colagarithm - the logarithm of the reciprocal of anumber.
combination - a sequence of letter or numbers chosen in setting a lock.
command - the activation of a device by means of a signal.
commision - percentage of the amount of business done, paid to the agent who do it.
commision merchant - a person who buys or sells goods for others who pay him a commision.
commodity - anything that is bought and sold.
common denominator - a common multiple of the denominator of a group of a fractions.
common divisor or factor - a number that will divide a group of two or more other numbers without a remainder.
common fraction - a fraction expressed as the ratio of two whole numbers.It is written with the numerator above and the
denominator below a horizontal or diagonal line.
common logarithm - is a logarithm in which 10 is the base.
common multiple - any number that can be divided by 2 or more other numbers without a remainder.
common measure - common time.
commutative property - a +b=b+ a. a*b =b*a
complementary angles - two angles whosse measures sum to 90.
complex fraction - a fraction that contains a fraction in its numerator and or denominator.
complex number - the sum of a real number and an imaginary number, ex. 3+4i where 1 =sqrt (-1).
component - the components in the vector (a,b,c) are a, b, and c.
composite function - a function that consist of two function arranged in such way that the output of one function becomes
the input of the other function.
composite number - a natural number that is not prime.
concave - curved from the inside.
concentric - two or more coplanar circles with the same center.
conditional - a statement in if-then form;if p then q, where p is the hypothesis and q is the conclusion .
cone - a solid with a circular base,and vertex not contained in the same plane as the base.
congruent - angles or segments that have the same length; two geometric figures are congruent;they have exactly the same
shape and size.
conic section - parabolla,hyperbola,ellipse, circle.Formed by the intersection of a plane with a right circular cone.
conjecture - a statement that seems to be true ,but has not yet been proven.
conjugate - the conjugate of a complex numbers is formed by reversing the sign on the imaginary part of the number.
conjuction - a statement that is really two statement joined by the words and both parts must be true for the statement
to be considered true.
consecutive - any integers in counting , or successive order.
constant - in algebraic expression, a number not multiplied or divided by a variable
contradiction - a statement involving conflicting statements.
contrapositive - the hypothesis and the conclusion,then negating both.
contribute - to give money , help or other support.
convergent series - an infinite series that has a finite sum is called convergent.
converse - of a conditional statement, is formed by interchanging the hypothesis and conclusion.
convex polygon - measure 350 and whose diagonals all lie in the interior of the polygon.
cooperative bank - saving and loan association.
cooperative store - a store where merchandise is sold to members who share in the profits and losses according to
the amounts they buy.
coordinates - an ordered pair of number (x,y) that are used to described the location of a point on a plane.
coordinate plane - a two dimensional consisting of two perpindicular line;in general, x-axis and the y-axis.
copartnership - possesion of a joint share in an enterprise, business or interest.
coplanar - points or lines all in one plane,
corally - a theorem whose proof follows directly from another theorem.
corresponding angles - two non adjacent angles lying on the same side of a transversal such that one is an
exterior angle and the other is an interior angle.
cosecant - csc x = 1/sin x.
cosine - for a given angle in a right triangle, the ratio of the length of the adjacent leg to the length of the hypotenuse.
cotangent - cot x = 1/ tan x.
coterminal angles - angles whose measures are 2kpi apart.
counting numbers - natural numbers. The numbers you use to count.
critical point - thepoint on aa curve where the first derivative equals zero.
counter example - an example that shows a conditional statement to be false.
cube - a rectangular prism in which all edges are congruent or squares.
cubic - a polynomials of degree 3.
currency - money in actual use in country.
curve - a line or lines on which every point can be defined by an equation or equations;a line that has no straight part.
cycle - any period of time or complete process of growth or action that repeats itself in the same order.
cycloid - a curved traced by a point on the circumference, or on a prolong radius of a circle when the circle is rolled along
a straight line ,and kept it in the same placed.
cyclometer - an instrument that measure a distance that a wheel travels by recording the revolutions that it makes;
an instrument for measuring arcs or circles.
cyclometry - the sciemces of measuring circles.
cylinder - a solid bounded by two equal parallel circles, and by a curve surfaces,formed by moving a straight line or fixed length
so that its ends always lie on the two parallel corcles.In a right circular cylinder,the circles are pendicular to the line;
in an oblique circlar cylinder they are not.